Fear of Falling

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Falls are the leading cause of injury-related death and the third leading cause of poor health among persons aged 65 years and older

Therefore, it is no surprise that the fear of falling can be overwhelming for the elderly. Suffering a fall can lead to high levels of anxiety. In fact, over 70 percent of people over the age of 60 who have fallen are afraid that they will fall again. Of note, fear of falling also affects older people who have never experienced a fall.

Decreased Physical Activity Can Increase Your Risk of Falling

When you are afraid of falling you tend to limit your physical activity. Initially that strategy works, but eventually, reduced activity leads to a loss of muscle strength, endurance, and mobility, making you more vulnerable to falling. Worrying about falling affects gait patterns in older people. For example, it slows down their walking speed and they tend to look for support while walking, grabbing onto others or onto furniture.

Fear of falling can increase the risk of falling

Researchers have found that being afraid of falling directly affects your balance. When older people are in circumstances that threaten their balance, such as slopes, uneven surfaces, wet floors, steps, and cracks in the sidewalk, they try to protect themselves by tightening their muscles. Unfortunately, this “freezing” strategy actually increases the risk of falling because it prevents the body from functioning as it is supposed to. For example, it decreases awareness of the surroundings, the muscles cannot contract and relax as they normally do during movement, and the person cannot properly think because they are in a panicked mental state.

How to overcome this fear?

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness practices are known to reduce fear and anxiety.
  • Consult with a physiotherapist for an assessment of your strength, balance and gait.

Exercise to help decrease your fear of falling

A physiotherapist can prescribe certain exercises that will target your physical limitations (strength, balance, etc..) that contribute to your risk of falling. The goal is to help restore your self-confidence by improving these limitations using specific and individualized exercises.

In Conclusion

Being afraid of falling increases your risk of falling even if you have never fallen before. It is important to keep moving to maintain your physical abilities. Good physical abilities increase your self-confidence and in turn reduce your fear (and actual risk) of falling

This article was written by Mariana Fonseca Faes Manhães for her McGill University Placement in the summer of 2018. Supervised by Jessica Dahan and Corey Wolofsky
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